The Science Behind Air Filters and How They Work

HVAC air filters work double-duty in your home protecting HVAC equipment and ensuring you have clean indoor air quality (IAQ). That’s a tall order to fill for such a modest device, but there is air filter science behind it all. Here’s what to know to help you select the right HVAC and IAQ devices for your Dayton home.

True HEPA Air Filter Science

High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters are the best of the best when it comes to media air filters. Their intricate, dense, and thick web of thin glass fibers capture 99.97% of microscopic particulates, down to 0.3 microns. This includes everything from common household “dust” to cooking oil and biological contaminants.

HEPA systems are available in portable units for single rooms or as whole-home systems that utilize your HVAC ductwork to clean all the air in your living spaces.

UVGI Air Filter Science

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) air purifiers work a little differently than conventional media air filter science. UVGI systems utilize UV lamps installed in the ductwork to neutralize or destroy bacteria, viruses, mold, and germs.

UVGI systems are safe for people and pets, and they are often used in water treatment, food-processing plants, and medical settings for their air-purification abilities. Since UVGI systems don’t remove particles from the air, you need a media filter in place too.

Electronic Air Cleaners

An electronic air cleaner is another whole-home HVAC add-on that has the potential to remove contaminants from all the air in your living space. A powerful charging field gives particulates a charge. Once charged, the particulates pass by metal plates with opposite charges. The particulates are attracted to and stick to the plates — removed from your air.

Activated Carbon Air Filter Science

Activated carbon filters work to neutralize odors in your home. They don’t remove particulates. Furthermore, they are often used in conjunction with other air cleaners, such as a HEPA system.